19th Century that Deals with Fashion, the Body, Beauty Ideals or Essay

19th Century that Deals with Fashion, the Body, Beauty Ideals or Advertisements - Essay Example The 16th and the 17th century witnessed the reimbursement of clothing by the extrinsic authorities.Clothing is known to be one of the key factors with the help of which the identity of an individual could easily be interpreted and it also signaled one's class or membership in the society. With years passing by, the fashion industry gave rise to a number of laws on clothing and apparel in order to preserve class or gender distinctions. The clothing of the time by the decade had concluded that the gender distinctions in fashion expression were quite overstated. Even though, the fashion for women would be more precisely delineated as loud and flamboyant rather than practical and realistic, there has been a dissimilarity which in itself asserted to evidently tell apart from the male gender.As Wahrman noticed, towards the conclusion of the eighteenth epoch, there cropped up a deep-seated transformation in the notions and norms of self as well as personal identity (Wahrman, 2006). This was probably an abrupt transformation which was no scarce of a revolution in the comprehension of self-hood as well as of the individuality classifications inclusive of the race, gender, and class. This change had been comprehensive of a fascinating assortment of the cultural evidence from the eighteenth century realms where the notions of the self which are expressed as the ancient regime of identity. However, it appears weird and incomprehensible to the present day acquirers. The analysis of how this unusual world came to an instant conclusion where the far-reaching consequences of that transformation were a subject of examination. This incognizant cultural rebellion set the sight for the range of new departures which had indicated the onset of Western novelty. All in all, the modern idea of the self originated from the end of the eighteenth century. With the advent of the 19th century, new elements marked their presence in the fashion arena. With improvised approaches of travel, the social order has become more restless and keen of riding in to the world with tremendously new techniques and trends. The fashionable women conceded full trunks, for the reason that it was not well thought-out the thing to put on the gown for consecutively two times. The influence of national characteristics had been degraded since about 1675, however, became internationally acclaimed by the arrival of the 19th century (Homepage, 2005). in the early on of the 19th epoch, the dresses worn by the women continued to reflect the trends and styles which were initiated by the French. These were allegedly supported upon the classically traditional dresses of the ancient Greece where ladies were dressed in loose-fitted, draped as well as high-waisted apparels in white colors. Overdresses included three quarter-length apparels from a warmer fabric which inclu ded a variety of shawls, pelisses as well as redingotes (Homepage, 2005). Subsequently, more color was brought back at an even more natural gradation where fullers, short-length skirts and large brimmed hats or bonnets became a norm. 2. The art of Beauty The ideal of a perfect human body is the consequence of culture that comprises of the religious functions, economy, advertisements as well as other factors. Beauty can not be defined as an immanent or objective quality of things, for the reason that every age, place as well as social class that

Smoking cessation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Smoking cessation - Essay Example Evidence Based Practice is essential to the medical practitioners that deal with the smokers since it is from the information gathered from the evidence based practice that nurses are able to ensure quality service delivery in the smoking and smoking cessation services. However, the nursing knowledge and clinical skills must be incorporated just as much as the appropriate evidence and integrate them with an understanding of the patient’s needs i.e. how to handle patients with smoking-related illnesses (Julia 2014). Remarkably, a partial frame of suggestions on the efficiency of intercessions to moderate the amount of deaths due to smoking in underprivileged regions via exploiting practical circumstances, preservation and provision of services; however, some mediation initiatives are hopeful but request for additional evaluation and familiarity in the field, from the nurses and medical personnel. In the past, there has been biasness in evidenced based practice in relation to smoking, where some information does not appear in the report such as the socioeconomic data on the smokers making it hard to come up with stable suppositions for all associates (Susan, 2012). Typically, the data is vital in any evidence-based practice as it generally helps the effecting of the smoking termination interpositions that can help decrease the rising rates in death, and smoking as for those communities that have occupied its peak peal. Decisively, the journal describes the key findings form the Smoking Toolkit study relevant to the smoking cessation policy for the past three years (2007 to 2010); the smoking tool kit study focused on surveys conducted monthly of representative samples of the population of England aged 16 years and above (the surveys were conducted every six months). The results shows that only a small number of smokers were familiar to the smoking cessation programs and had had discussions in the past one year and only a quarter of these smokers had gone on to the next step of the program- being offered a prescription or advised to see a stop smoking practitioner.

ex Education Should be Implemented to Grade-schoolers Position Essay Example for Free

ex Education Should be Implemented to Grade-schoolers Position Essay Ladies and gentleman good morning, today we will be debating about sex education. Sex education taught in the school system has long been debated as right or wrong. There are some who believe it is wholly wrong for the school to get involved in such a sensitive topic. They may believe this because they feel parents should do the talking or it may be down to religious reasons. First let’s define sex education so what is sex education. Sex education is instruction on issues relating to human sexuality, including human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction, sexual activity, reproductive health, emotional relations, reproductive rights and responsibilities, abstinence, and birth control. Common avenues for sex education are parents or caregivers, formal school programs, and public health campaigns. The word sex, it is one of the few words that catch our attention. Whenever we see the word â€Å"sex† in magazines, newspapers and other print materials, we tend to stop at some point and become interested to read the article where it is written. It’s not because we simply feel the urge to read about sex but perhaps the â€Å"questioning self† wants to clarify and discover the truth about this matter. In liberal democracies, sex is viewed as a normal activity for both adults and teenagers. In the Philippines, it’s very different. Whenever we say the word â€Å"sex†, we are labeled as â€Å"rude†. No wonder why if we heard of â€Å"sex† we directly associate it to â€Å"vulgarity†. We cannot blame ourselves because we are living in a society with a stronghold of moral standards and conservatism. As a representative of the opposition we strongly oppose the implementation of sex education to grade-schoolers. Those grade school pupil who have pure mind and still immature we cannot afford to change the way of thinking of these innocent grade school pupil. It is still early for them to learn about sex education. Teaching sex education to grade-schooler at early age can greatly affect their way of thinking. A person who is 7-11 years old is still immature, they have a imaginative mind and curious to different things specially one that they still haven’t tried, so introducing them about sex education is very risky. Theres no guarantee that the person teaching it has a healthy attitude about sex, or that the teacher really knows anymore about sex that the students do. Sex education brings the information to the front, possibly giving kids ideas of things that they had never thought of before. Instead of just letting things goes by and take their natural course, kids begin thinking about it. They begin to wonder what its like and may make poor choices that they never would have if they hadnt heard about it in the first place. There is also a possibility that they do what couples because of curiosity and immaturity. For teens and young adult are in the transitional stage or the experimental years wherein they are curious about many things and they are very impulsive to try something new, they always seek their selves from other, teaching them how to use contraceptives is a big no, once they learn about birth control and safe sex. The chances for having unplanned teen pregnancies are possible for they are not yet matured to handle such stuff. There’s a tendency that they might have multiple partners. Students may still also suffer from embarrassment or get excitable by the topic matter. Student curiosity will be set high and their urge to try it will be greater. This will cause them to engage in early sex, sex Education program is not the answer to any sex related problems of young teens and minors that have been undergoing at the moment. the schools responsibility is to teach reading, math, science, social studies, etc. Instead of teaching them sex education program, school should concentrate more in moral values, that sex is responsibility, that once done, you must ready to face the consequences and any challenges in life. That sex is sacred it’s not just for fun and pleasure but, it should only be done by couples for procreation. There is a right time for everything, so just like the sex education there is right time to learn about it. Sex education can be compared to a knife – it is useful to those who understand how to use it, but dangerous for those who do not. As parents, would you leave it to someone else to explain something potentially damaging to your children? If they will pursue with it, isn’t it awkward hearing kids say â€Å"Hey mama, can you review me with this condom, pills etc.

Development of a Human Computer Interface

Development of a Human Computer Interface Abstract HCI(human computer interaction) has become one of the important aspect in human life. Signals generated from human body are biosignals and has huge potential to be used as an interface for human computer devices. Multiple devices are present that recognizes these boiosignals which is generated during muscle contraction and converting those signals into some command to be used as an input to the HCI devices. However, the task can be acquired through biosignals which forms a neural linkage with the computer techniques like Electro-Encephalogram(EEG), Electrooculogram(EOG), and Electromyogram(EMG). In past, there have been lots of studies wherein many researchers have used biosignals to control other device. EMG is hence, one of the least explored mechanism form of biosignal to be deployed in HCI and its studies are useful for neuromuscular system as certain diseases may slow down muscle contraction and muscle firing leading to paralysis of muscle. Keywords: EMG, HCI, biosignals, skeletal muscles, neural linkage. 1 Introduction HCI is the one of the research area that emerged in early 1980s, which has expanded rapidly it was previously known as a man- machine interaction. HCI focuses on the interface between user and the computer and deals with the design, execution and assessment of computer system and other related receptive that are for human use. Designing interactive computer systems to be effective, efficient, easy and enjoyable to use is important, so that people and society may realize the benefits of computation based devices [1]. The researchers observes the way human interacts with the computer system and design new technologies and interface that lets human and computers to interaction novel ways [2]. Some of the example of popular HCI techniques are image processing, speech recognition, bio signal processing etc. HCIs goal is to minimize the differences between the humans goal of what they want to achieve and the understanding level of computer to perform the task. It relates knowledge from bot h the human and machine side. Due to its multidisciplinary nature, people with different study areas contribute to its success. Figure 1 shows the areas where HCI can be implemented with distinctive importance. Fig.1. Disciplines contribute to HCI [3] EMG is an electro medical procedure for estimating and recording the electrical signals produced by skeletal muscle. EMG is performed using electromyography, to produce an electrical record or signal called electromyogram [4]. An electromyography detects the electric potential generated by skeletal muscle cells when these cells are activated electrically or neurologically. The EMG technology helps capture gestures as inputs for virtual joysticks, keyboards leading to new application in mobile computing etc [5]. This signal can also be analyzed to detect medical abnormalities, activation level, or biomechanics of human movement. The motor neurons of a human body transmit electrical signals that causes muscle to contract and an EMG translate this signals to graphs, sound or numerical values that can be interpreted by analyst. EMGs signal can be easily acquired using electrodes and it is of two types, dry electrode that is direct contact with the skin that records muscles activity from the surface above the muscle on the skin and require more than one electrode, because EMG recording displays the electric potential difference between two separate electrodes, second is gel or inserted EMG which can be performed using a electrolytic gel as a chemical interface between the skin and electrolyte [6]. A needle electrode and fine wire electrode is the example of inserted electrode. Needle electrode is used in clinical areas and the tip of the electrode is bare and used for the surface detection. Fine wire electrode they are easily implanted in and withdrawn from the skeletal muscles, and is less painful then needle electrode. Thus EMG has a variety of clinical and biomedical applications where it is used to diagnose neuromuscular disease and many other disorders of motor control. 2EMG Used for HCI Studies are being carried out for the use of EMG signals inorder to identify disabilities as a significant number of individuals are suffering from severe motor disabilities, due to variety of causes, such as Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), Amythorphic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and so on [7]. Therefore, EMG signal are not only used for identifying neuromuscular disorder but can also be as a control signals for prosthetic devices [8]. It is the least explored compared to others biosignals like EEG, EOG etc. EMGs are natural means of HCI because the electrical signals induced by human muscle movement during its contraction represents nueromuscular movement that can be interpreted and transformed into computers control command. EMG signals can be used for a number of applications including clinical applications, HCI and interactive computer gaming. Basically EMG can be used to sense isometric muscular activity which does not transalate into movement thus making it possible to classify subtle mo tionless gestures and to control interfaces without being noticed and without disrupting the surrounding environment [9]. The EMG signal have different signatures i.e, two peoples gesture might be identical but their characteristics EMG signals are different interms of their age, muscle development skin fat layer and gesture style. One of the problem of EMG is its signal contains a different type of noise that are caused by equipment noise, electromagnetic radiation etc and hence preprossing is needed to filter out the unwanted noise in EMG signal. 3Related works Researchers have worked on regarding how EMG signal is used to command some other devices like prosthetic arm, robots or enabling people with certain disabilities. These are shown in following paper. In 1996 Yasuharu Koike et.al, [10] developed a human interface employing a model of an arm, robot control of an artificial hand, and the learning of motion capability. The aim of this paper was to construct a complete forward dynamics model of the human arm by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The model has the ability to learn physiological recordings of EMG signals for simultaneous measurement of movement. In 2000 Alsayegh et.al, [11] proposed an EMG based signal where EMG signal is limited to three arm muscles (medial Deltoid) MD, (anterior deltoid) AB, (biceps brachii) BB that was able to recognize 12 arm gestures. The processing of EMG signal is based on arm gestures having unique temporal coordination. The classification technique used is context dependent classification within the framework of Bayes theorem. Not only the unique arm gesture by using EMG signal was developed there were various researchers working in the field of EMG for the people suffering with motor disabilities like hand paralysis, leg paralysis etc. In 2004 Jong sung kim et.al, [12] proposed a natural means of human computer interaction induced by human arms muscle movement and the generated EMG signal to be used as computer commands control. The paper developed an online EMG MOUSE system that controls movement of the cursor, which are interpretation of 6 pre-defined motions, up, down, left, right, click and rest. A Fuzzy Min Max Neural Network (FMMNN) is used as a classifier. In 2005 Inhyuk Moon et.al, [13] proposed a novel wearable EMG based HCI for the wheelchair user with severe motor disabilities caused by C4 and C5 spinal cord injury. The EMG signal is acquired by left, right and both shoulder elevation motion. EMG wearable device directly generates MAV (Mean Average Value) signal from raw EMG. The MAV signal is converted to digital data using AD converter embedded in a high speed microcontroller. The recognized result is sent to the wheelchair controller via Bluetooth communication module. The following year one more paper regarding people suffering from motor disabilities was presented. In 2006 Ki-Hong Kim et.al, [14] developed an interface that relies on EMG signal acquired from human face during contraction of muscle. Electrodes are placed around forehead, cheeks and eyes. The subject was made to perform some actions like blinking of eyes, clenching of teeth, wrinkling of forehead and frowning. The signal is acquired and analyzed using LPC (Linear Prediction Coefficient) and LPC entropy were calculated to find the characteristics information contained in the measured signal. For pattern recognition Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is used. Same year some were working on hand gesture recognition. In 2006 Ganesh R Naik ei.al, [15] proposed an approach to identify hand gestures using muscle activity separated from electromyogram using ICA (Independent Component Analysis). The aim of the experiment in this paper was to test the use of ICA for separation of the EMG signals for the purpose of identifying hand gestures and actions. After the recognition of hand gestures and enabling motor disabilities, in 2008 JonghwaKim et.al, [16] proposed modification of a RC car that is controlled by users hand signs, instead of using remote control unit. The interfacing system first calculates relevant features in the EMG signal of four hand signs, classifies the hand signs into the four classes, and assigns the result to certain steering commands for the RC car. For feature extraction RMS was used calculated by observing last 16 incoming values. For classification KNN and Bayes theorem was combined using decision tree and purpose a control the car via PC. Similarly in 2009 Jun-Ru Ren et.al, [17] studied an Electromyogram Based on HCI. This paper showed a control system using forearm electromyography that is proposed for computer peripheral control and artificial prosthesis control. The system intends to realize the commands of six pre defined hand poses i.e. up, down, left, right, yes and no. Power spectral density (PSD) is used to measure signal power intensity and for classifier the Bayesian classifier is used for extracting feature. In the same year Ahsan et.al, [9] classified EMG signal techniques to help improve interface for disabled people. This paper discusses various methodologies and techniques for interpreting EMG signal. Researchers extended their study to multistep EMG classification in 2010 Armando Barreto et.al, [19] proposed a system that can effectively help disabled people from the neck down to interact with computer or communicate with people through computers using point and click graphic interfaces. The EMG signal is generated using facial muscle with a corresponding cursor movement command. In 2011 surface EMG has attracted an attention of researchers for interface signal. Ishii et.al, [20] studied about myoelectric prosthetic in which arm/hand gesture is distinguished by identification of the surface Electromyogram. For identification of motion neural network is used. In 2012 Takeshi Tsujimura et.al, [21] studied Hand Sign Classification Employing Myoelectric Signals of Forearm. The purpose of this paper was to design an uncomplicated system to identify finger motion and to develop innovative HMI. This paper also distinguishes the hand signs by analyzing the forearm EMG signals. It relies on the proposition that the specific muscles of forearm work even if fingers are moved. Researchers studied through multichannel surface EMG signals and in 2014 Han Li et.al, [4] showed HCI system Based on the multichannel SEMG of the hand gesture recognition based on the feature extraction, identification, classification and control of the SEMG which controls quad copter flight. In this paper, the four different gestures can be distinguished accurately to complete the real-time interactive process. The experimental results show that the HCI system based on SEMG has high accuracy. Auto regression method is used for analysis of SEMG signal and the classification is done using back propogation technique. In 2015 Ahmed Mehaoua et.al, [18] designed a novel EMG based system that aims to control multimedia player in simple, efficient and flexible manner. The objective of this paper was to provide efficient control system seeking to simplify the life of hand amputee persons by allowing them to control media player through EMG signals generated by muscle activation from forearm contraction. The electrical potential generated allows start, stop a video or switching between a set of media. For detecting muscle contraction four steps is used rectification, filtering, linear envelop and onset contraction and turns the signal into usable form. After detection of muscle contraction, system was enhanced by adding commands like start, stop, previous, next and pause. 4Summary of Survey The survey paper focuses on evaluation and detection of an EMG signal and use of this system for real time. There are many classification methodologies and artificial intelligence techniques based on neural network to classify EMG signal. Some of the techniques are ANN, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) etc. 4.1. Back Propagation Neural Network Back propagation algorithm is applied on the multichannel SEMG [18] of the hand gesture recognition based on the featureextraction and control of the SEMG which controls quad copter flight. BP neural network contains three parts: the BP neural network building, the BP neural network traning and the BP neural network classification.BP neural network building is determined according to the input and output charasteristics of the system structure of the BP neural network. The number of the AR (auto regression) model coefficientof input vector is 16 and the number of the output is 4,so theinput layer has 16 nodes and the output layer has 4 nodes. 4.2. Fuzzy Min Max Neural Network Jong-Sung Kim [12] applied fuzzy mean max neural network (FMMNN) as a classifier for online EMG mouse that controls computer cursor. Also, stochastic values such as integral absolute value were used as features for an appropriate classification of the intended wrist motions. 6 predefined wrist motions to left, right, up, down, click and rest operation were determined. 4.3. Hidden Markov Model Ki-Hong Kim [14] developed an interface using EMG signal from human face.For pattern recognition HMM comprised three states and two Gaussian mixtures per state is employed which is used as a classifier. The standalone interface system was implemented and the subject (people as volunteers) were able to make the wheelchair turn left, right, forward and backward by simple action provided by them. Classification is done by comparing the likelihood values of an arbitrary feature sequence evaluated from four HMMs, HMML, HMMR, HMMF, and HMMB for left, right, forward, and backward, respectively, and selecting the model with the maximum value. 4.4. Bayes Network Alsayegh et.al, [11] presented an EMG-based human-machine interface system that interprets arm gestures in the 3-dimensional (3D) space. Gestures are interpreted by sensing the activities of three muscles, namely, anterior deltoid (AD), medial deltoid (MD), and biceps brachii (BB) muscles. The problem of gesture classification is carried out in a framework of the statistical pattern recognition. The processing of the EMG signals utilizes the temporal coordination activity of the monitored muscles to identify a particular gesture. The classification procedure is carried out by constructing successive feature vectors for each gesture. These feature vectors describe the gestures temporal signature. This type of classification is referred to as the context-dependent classification, which is carried out in this study within the framework of Bayes theorem. The development of an EMG based interface for hand gesture recognition is presented by Jonghwa Kim et.al, [16]. For realizing real-time classification assuring acceptable recognition accuracy, they introduced the combination of two simple linear classifiers (K-nearest neighbour (KNN) KNN and Bayes) in decision level fusion. Table 1 provides the summary of the survey in accordance with the methodologies used in various papers. It provides the description of the success rate resulted by the use of classification techniques. Table 1.Summary of major methods used for EMG classification Classifier used Title Researchers Description Back Propagation Neural Network Human computer interaction system design based on surface EMG signals. Han Li , Xi Chen, et.al, (2014) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢93% success rate in the multichannel SEMG of the hand gesture recognition. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Auto-regressive model method is used. Hidden Markov Model A practical biosignal-based human interface applicable to the assistive systems for people with motor impairment. Ki-Hong Kim et.al (2006) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢97% success rate in developing an interface using human face. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Subject was able to turn left, right, forward and backward. Fuzzy Min Max Neural Network A new means of HCI: EMG-mouse. Jong-sung Kim et.al, (2004) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Stochastic values such as integral absolute values were used as feature extraction. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Six distinctive wrist motions can be classified well. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Pattern recognition rate of each wrist motions is above 90%. Bayes Network A practical EMG-based human-computer interface for users with motor disabilities. Alsayegh et.al,(2000) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢classification is done in a framework of statistical pattern recognition. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢classification rate reported was 96%. EMG-based hand gesture recognition for realtime biosignal interfacing. Jonghwa Kim et,al, (2008) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢K-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) classifier added with Bayes to obtain good result à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Average classification rate reported was over 94%. 5Conclusion Developing better human computer interface will help improve quality of life of people suffering from physical disabilities. EMG signal is one of the natural technique that captures electrical signals from human body for the use of HCI and provides an interface for human and computer to interact appropriotely. This survey paper focuses on the work of various researchers, the methodologies used for the classification of EMG signal. Therefore, it can be concluded from the survey of various paper that neural network has been used as a prominent classification technique of EMG signal for HCI. For future works new and more enchanced classification techniques can be developed besides neural network, a work can be done in creating light weight EMG signal, multiclass hand process and on-line processing. References Dix, A.: Human-computer interaction. (pp. 1327-1331). Springer US (2009) Andurkar, A. G., Andurkar, R. G.: Human-computer interaction. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), vol.2, issue.6, (2015) Human computer Interaction: An Overview, http://www.ee.cityu.edu.hk/~hcso/ee4213_ch1.pdf Li, H., Chen, X., Li, P.: Human-computer interaction system design based on surface EMG signals. In: Modelling Identification Control (ICMIC) Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on (pp. 94-98). IEEE (2014, December) Chowdhury, R. H., Reaz, M. B., Bakar, A. A., Hasan, M. S.: Muscle Technology. 6(12), 2192-2196, (2013) Day, S.: Important factors in surface EMG measurement. Bortec Biomedical Ltd publishers, 1-17, (2002) Barreto, A. B., Scargle, S. D., Adjouadi, M.: A practical EMG-based human-computer interface for users with motor disabilities. Journal of rehabilitation research and development, 37(1), 53, (2000) Ali, A. A., Albarahany, A., Quan, L.: EMG signals detection technique in voluntary muscle movement. In: Information Science and Service Science and Data Mining (ISSDM), 6th International Conference on New Trends in (pp. 738-742). IEEE, (2012, October) Ahsan, M. R., Ibrahimy, M. I., Khalifa, O. O.: EMG signal classification for human computer interaction: a review. European Journal of Scientific Research, 33(3), 480-501, (2009) Koike, Y., Kawato, M.: Human interface using surface electromyography signals. Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), 79(9), 15-22, (1996) Alsayegh, O. A.: EMG-based signal processing system for interpreting arm gestures. In: Signal Processing Conference, 2000 10th European (pp. 1-4). IEEE, (2000, September) Kim, J. S., Jeong, H., Son, W.: A new means of HCI: EMG-mouse. In: Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2004 IEEE International Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. 100-104). IEEE, (2004, October) Moon, I., Lee, M., Chu, J., Mun, M.: Wearable EMG-based HCI for electric-powered wheelchair users with motor disabilities. In: Robotics and Automation, 2005. ICRA 2005. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 2649-2654). IEEE, (2005, April) Ki-Hong, K. I. M., Jae-Kwon, Y. O. O., Kim, H. K., Wookho, S. O. N., Soo-Young, L. E. E.: A practical biosignal-based human interface applicable to the assistive systems for people with motor impairment. IEICE transactions on information and systems, 89(10), 2644-2652, (2006) Naik, G. R., Kumar, D. K., Singh, V. P., Palaniswami, M.: Hand gestures for HCI using ICA of EMG. In: Proceedings of the HCSNet workshop on Use of vision in human-computer interaction-Volume 56 (pp. 67-72). Australian Computer Society, Inc., (2006, November) Kim, J., Mastnik, S., Andrà ©, E.: EMG-based hand gesture recognition for realtime biosignal interfacing. In: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on intelligent user interfaces (pp. 30-39). ACM, (2008, January) Ren, J. R., Liu, T. J., Huang, Y., Yao, D. Z.: A study of Electromyogram based on human-computer interface. Journal of electronic science and technology of China, 7(1), 69-73, (2009) Hammi, M. T., Salem, O., Mehaoua, A.: An EMG-based Human-Machine Interface to control multimedia player. In: E-health Networking, Application Services (HealthCom), 2015 17th International Conference on (pp. 274-279). IEE, (2015, October). Ren, P., Barreto, A., Adjouadi, M.: Multi-step EMG classification algorithm for human-computer interaction. In: Innovations in Computing Sciences and Software Engineering (pp. 183-188). Springer Netherlands, (2010) Ishii, C.: Recognition of Finger Motions for Myoelectric Prosthetic Hand via Surface EMG. INTECH Open Access Publisher, (2011) Tsujimura, T., Yamamoto, S., Izumi, K.: Hand Sign Classification Employing Myoelectric Signals of Forearm. CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES, 309, (2012)

The Israeli and Palestinian Gaza Conflict Essay -- International Conf

Broad international consensus regarding the political and legal controversies of the Israeli and Palestinian Gaza conflict has been minimal at best. At its worst it has fueled the controversies created by the United Nations Fact Finding Mission, through which, both sides maintain their positions and justification for their actions. In ordered to obtain an opinion on this issue one must examine the factual historical background of the Gaza Conflict. By identifying the major legal and political discrepancies, observing the perspectives of those who defend Israeli actions, and those who have a strong critique against those actions we can grasp the complexity of this issue and make an assessment of actions on both sides. In 2005 Israel withdrew forces from the Gaza Strip but did so with conditions toward Palestinian authorities. It must put an end to terror tactics in and around Israeli territory. This seemed a promising step toward Palestinian and Israeli peace until 2006 when the political group Hamas took power and declared that it would not recognize the existence of Israel. It rejected the Oslo Accords and Arab Peace Initiative and separated itself from negotiating with Israel. Since coming to power Hamas had openly advocated for attacks against Israel. In 2007 Hamas’s influence spread to the Gaza Strip, that same year Israel implemented a blockade that crippled Gaza’s economic activity which raised ethical and moral political questions in the international community. In early 2008, after many mortars and rockets were fired across the border into Israel, the air force and defense forces retaliate taking the lives of many Palestinian civilians and militants. Israeli defense officia ls viewed these attacks as Hamas breaking the P... ...onflict have been addressed legally, although they have not been respected by either side which hinders the legitimacy of international authority. A major problem that I have observed is the inability of the United Nations Security Council to ascribe certainty to all laws broken and provide punishment to both sides. This lack of legal authority will continue to plague the progress both politically and within the legal institutions being used to approach the situation. Resolution and absolution of the definitions and particulates of these major issues are necessary to achieve lasting peace in the region and eventual coexistence. Works Cited Alan Dershowitz â€Å"The Case Against the Goldstone Report† â€Å"The UN Gaza Report: A Substantive Critique† Ambassador Dore Gold Noura Erakat â€Å"It’s Not Wrong, It’s Illegal† â€Å"United Nations Fact Finding Mission† Richard Goldstone

Dangerous Knowledge Essay -- Essays Papers

Dangerous Knowledge The pursuit of forbidden knowledge is the impetus and downfall of man's quest to understand the unknown. In the Bible, God warns man that knowledge brings more regret than it does value: "He that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow" (Ecclesiastes 1:18.). Throughout the history of mankind, man has been faced with the temptation to reach the level of God. The Tower of Babel is the first attempt by man to become as powerful as God when man tries to build a tower that reaches the heavens. " 'Come, let us build for ourselves a city, and a tower whose top will reach into heaven, and let us make for ourselves a name; lest we be scattered abroad over the face of the whole earth' " (Genesis 11:4). In the end, God punishes man for attempting to know what God should only understand. "So the LORD scattered them abroad from there over the face of the whole earth; and they stopped building the city" (Genesis 11:8). The pursuit of knowledge is at the heart of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and Robe rt Louis Stevenson's The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The main characters, Victor Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll, attempt to reach beyond accepted human limits and access the secrets of life. As a result, the ruthless pursuit of knowledge proves dangerous as both men eventually destroy themselves and everyone dear to them. The thirst for knowledge is a hidden evil that man can only see after it has destroyed his life. Frankenstein is a young scientist who is blinded by the fame and dangers of the knowledge of creation. "So much has been done," exclaims Frankenstein after he hears a lecture on famous scientists. "More, far more, will I achieve: treading in the steps already marked, I will pioneer a new way, explore unk... ...one, but scientist Lewis Thomas says, "We cannot wish away the "Frankenstein Impulse"-we must instead try to channel it in a democratic and ethical direction" (Article Finder). The thirst for knowledge is a hidden evil that man can only see after it has destroyed his life. Had Frankenstein and Jekyll followed the advice of Thomas then maybe their findings would have turned out to be good rather than evil. Perhaps God grants the pursuit of knowledge to those he knows will abuse it in order to make an example of their irresponsible pursuit of knowledge and to prove that some knowledge is off limits to man. Works Cited Goodall, Jane. "Frankenstein and the Reprobate's Conscience." Studies in the Novel 31.1 (1999): 19. Madigan, Timothy J. "Defending Dr. Frankenstein." Free Inquiry 14.4 (1994): 48. Ribalow, M.Z. "Script Doctors." The Sciences 38.6 (1998): 26.

Characteristics of Internet delivery services Essay

What are the characteristics of services that will be most appropriate for internet delivery? Internet service can be provided through telephone lines .Internet connection speed can generally be divided into two categories: dialup and broadband Characteristics of the Internet: The characteristics of the Internet that affect its usefulness in service can be divided broadly into Information and Connectivity. â€Å"The advantages arise from the Internet’s enormous capacity to link participants with information and with each other. The Information and Connectivity of the Internet have unique characteristics: Information: †¢Information on the Internet is multimedia–capable of having coloured images, sound and video. These can be expensive to produce, but increasingly there are open sources of these types of content that are free of charge. Once produced, the price of distribution of the information is nominal compared to that of producing hard-copy books, CDs and films. †¢Information on the Internet can be hyperlinked. This permits both tutors and learners to assemble large bodies of information from a wide variety of sources without actually having to store the information in one place; e.g., on paper or a hard disk. Hyperlinks within information on the Internet enables users to find or cite additional sources of pertinent information. †¢Information on the Internet is searchable. Search engines such as Google enable users to find information on every imaginable topic. †¢Intelligent agents can be programmed to search the Internet for particular information and inform the user of the existence and location of that information. In fact, these agents can harvest pertinent information and deliver it to the user’s desktop. †¢Information on the Internet originates from world-wide sources. Users are no longer limited to the library, gallery, museum or video or record store in their locale. Connectivity: †¢Probably the most powerful characteristic.